Theoretical modelling of wakes from retractable flapping wings in forward flight
نویسندگان
چکیده
منابع مشابه
Theoretical modelling of wakes from retractable flapping wings in forward flight
A free-wake method is used to simulate the wake from retractable, jointed wings. The method serves to complement existing experimental studies that visualise flying animal wakes. Simulated wakes are shown to be numerically convergent for a case study of the Rock Pigeon in minimum power cruising flight. The free-wake model is robust in simulating wakes for a range of wing geometries and dynamics...
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Nomenclature C = chord length, m C T = thrust coefficient f = flapping frequency, Hz h tip = plunge amplitude at the wing tip, m k = ωC∕U ∞ , reduced frequency l span = wingspan, m Re = U ∞ C∕ν, Reynolds number r z = z-directional distance away from the wing tip, m S wing = wing area, m 2 St = fh tip ∕U ∞ , Strouhal number U ∞ = freestream velocity, m∕s ν = kinematic viscosity of fluid, m 2 ∕s ...
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Animal flight performance has been studied using models developed for man-made aircraft. For an aeroplane with fixed wings, the energetic cost as a function of flight speed can be expressed in terms of weight, wing span, wing area and body area, where more details are included in proportionality coefficients. Flying animals flap their wings to produce thrust. Adopting the fixed wing flight mode...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: PeerJ
سال: 2013
ISSN: 2167-8359
DOI: 10.7717/peerj.105